Enhancing Farm Profitability and Employment Generation Through Different Integrated Farming Systems in the Sub-mountainous Region of Punjab
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Author: Simran Saini, Parminder Kaur and Amit Guleria
Author Address: Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004 (Punjab)
Keywords: Agro-forestry, constraints, crops, dairy, integration, poultry, sub-mountainous region.
JEL Codes: Q56, O13, R58.
Abstract
The results revealed that overall, per farm income from IFS-IV: C+ P (?2105894) was found to be the highest, followed by IFS-II: C+ D (?846928), IFS-I: C+ D+ A (?822802) and IFS-III C+ A (?356851) respectively as compared to the income from crops alone (?396330). The employment generated per farm per annum in the integrated farming systems was also maximum. Factors such as age, land holding, family size, income and credit influenced the adoption of IFS significantly. Lack of marketing for products from different enterprises, heavy initial investment, costly labour (wages), non-availability of improved animal breeds, electricity supply problem for irrigation and farm purposes, water logging at low land areas of the farm, crops attacked by wild animals were the major constraints revealed by IFS adopters which need to be addressed to promote IFS.
Description
Indian J Econ Dev, 2025, 21(2), 261-272
https://doi.org/10.35716/IJED-24571